Recent data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) shows that Indonesia’s workforce increased by 1.2 million people in November 2025 compared to August 2025, yet it remains dominated by workers who have only completed elementary school or less. Not only does this expose an unequal access to education in the country, but also a systemic failure that reproduces low skills, traps workers in low-productivity sectors, and sustains a cycle of low wages and chronic economic vulnerability. To subscribe please click here
