Indonesia arrived at COP30 in Brazil armed with a headline: the country’s carbon exchange, IDXCarbon, booked interest and purchase commitments totaling 2.75 million tons of CO₂ credits from more than 20 buyers. It was presented as proof that Indonesia is ready for a global climate-finance role. Yet the celebration masks an uncomfortable truth: while carbon trading accelerates, Indonesia’s ecological debts at home remain largely unsettled — and in some cases, dangerously ignored. To subscribe please click here
