Amid Indonesia’s efforts to establish sovereignty over its national payment system, trade frictions with the United States have emerged. One of the focal points is the implementation of QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) and the GPN (Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional/National Payment Gateway) system. Both are significant milestones in Indonesia’s financial sector reform, but at the same time have become stumbling blocks in trade relations with the global superpower. To subscribe please click here
